The Young League Forum

Terrorism Edelbacher and Kratcoski as cited in Maximilian Edelbacher (2018:26) note “An act defined as ‘terrorism’ is considered criminal in most of the penal codes of the countries of the world. However it is difficult to define what a terrorist act is, and the specific context (political, religious, revolutionary, nationalistic, state violence, etc.) in which the act is manifested must always be considered.” Several international organizations, including the United Nations and the European Union, have developed definitions of terrorism and have delineated the characteristics of terrorist acts. Frech (2001, p.2) uses the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) definition of terrorism, “The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in the furtherance of a political or social objective,” to illustrate the criminal nature of terrorism. According to Mueller  as cited in Maxi...

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE      Meaning: According to the Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics, civil disobedience is “a political act involving disobeying governmental authority on grounds of moral objection with the aim of promoting a just society.” According to Heywood (2007) civil disobedience is law-breaking that is justified by reference to “higher” religious, moral or political principles. It is an overt and public act; it aims to break a law in order to make a point; not to get away with it. This assertion by Heywood vividly shows that civil-disobedience is a deliberate act.      Moreover civil disobedience has also been defined as intentional or voluntary violation of order or disrespecting a constituted authority. According to John Rawls (quoted in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007), “civil disobedience is a public, non-violent and conscientious breach of law undertaken with the aim of bringing about a ch...