Meaning of Civil Law or Law of Tort

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CIVIL LAWS OR LAWS OF TORT
According to Hartjen (as quoted in Igbo, 2007: 21) civil law is “a body of rules and procedures designed to regulate the conduct of individuals in a social relationship.” It can be simply defined as non-criminal laws that deal with individuals’ social behaviour and relationship in society.
Civil law is different from criminal law.  Civil laws deal with individual versus individual while criminal laws involve individual versus the state in case of breach and litigation.
Some Legal Terminologies Associated with Criminal and Civil Laws:
In criminal law, a party (state) who institutes criminal proceedings against the other in court is called the “prosecutor” and the person or party whom criminal charge was instituted against is called the “accused person”. While in civil law, a party or a person who institutes civil proceedings against the other in court is called the “appellant or plaintiff” and the person or party whom the civil case was instituted against is called the “defendant or respondent”. (See Criminal Law).  Adapted by Andrew of Oforma Eze from Contemporary Basic Concepts in Government and Politics

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