Citation Methods : APA style requires two elements by Ofor-Ofor

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Citation Methods

APA style requires two elements as we have noted:

1. In-text References or Citations: This is located in the text of the paper which tells the reader what information was borrowed and where it came from.
 In-text references use author’s surname followed immediately by the copyright year in brackets within the sentence or provides the author's surname and copyright year in brackets at the end of the sentence before the period.
 Quoting information copied word for word. Use the author's surname followed immediately by the copyright year (year of publication) in brackets and the page from which the information was copied before the quote or provide the author's surname, copyright year, and page in brackets at the end of the sentence before the period.
 As stated in the sixth edition of APA Publication Manual, any quotation that is up to forty (40) or more words should be in block quotations. Display it in a freestanding block of text and omit the quotation marks. Indent the block about a half inch from the left margin. Do not use quotation marks to enclose block quotations.

Sample of block quotation:
According to Machiavelli (trans. 1999:74):

                         "
the first opinion that is formed of a ruler’s intelligence is based on the quality of the men he has around him. When they are competent and loyal, he can always be considered wise, because he has been able to recognize their competence and to keep them loyal. But when they are otherwise, the Prince is always open to adverse criticism, because his first mistake has been in the choice of his ministers.
                        "

2. List of References: Located at the end of the paper, it tells the reader what sources were used to write the paper and provides complete information about the sources in the in-text references and the list of references that work together to give complete credit to the sources that are used in writing the paper. The in-text reference in the paper should correspond with the beginning of the citation in the list of references (APA, 2010).

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